From the perspective of chemical composition, the raw materials of artificial turf are mainly PE and PP, and PVC and polyamide can also be used. The artificial turf made of PE is more soft in feel, more similar in appearance and sports performance to natural grass, widely accepted by users, and is the most widely used artificial grass fiber raw material in the market at present; The artificial turf grass fiber made of PP is hard and generally suitable for tennis courts, playgrounds, runways or decorations. Its abrasion resistance is slightly worse than that of polyethylene;
The artificial lawn made of nylon is the earliest raw material of artificial grass fiber, which belongs to the first generation of artificial grass fiber. The grass is soft and the foot feels comfortable.
From the aspect of material structure, artificial turf is composed of three layers of materials. The foundation layer is composed of compacted soil layer, crushed stone layer and asphalt or concrete layer. The foundation layer is required to be solid, non deformable, smooth and impervious, that is, a general concrete site. Due to the large area of hockey field, the foundation layer must be properly treated during construction to prevent subsidence. If the concrete layer is paved, the expansion joint shall be cut after the concrete is solidified to prevent thermal expansion deformation and cracks.
Above the base layer is a buffer layer, usually composed of rubber or foam plastic. The rubber is moderately elastic, with a thickness of 3-5 mm. The cost of foam plastic is low, but the elasticity is poor, the thickness is 5-10mm, and the thick lawn is too soft and easy to sag; It is too thin and lacks elasticity, so it can not buffer. The buffer layer shall be firmly stuck on the foundation layer, generally with white latex or universal adhesive.
The third layer, also the surface layer, is the turf layer. According to the surface shape manufactured, there are fluff turf, circular curly nylon silk turf, leafy polypropylene fiber turf, permeable turf made of nylon silk, etc. This layer must also be glued to rubber or foam plastic with latex. During construction, glue must be applied in an all-round way and pressed and stuck firmly in turn without wrinkles.
With the development of the market, great changes have taken place in the materials, technology, construction and other aspects of artificial grass, all of which are to make the artificial grass closer to the natural grass in sports performance. It can be roughly divided into 6 stages: the first stage is mainly made of nylon material, which looks like a carpet, has poor elasticity, has no protection for athletes, and is easy to be injured; In the second stage, PP material is mainly used, and quartz sand particles are filled with high hardness; The third stage is mainly made of PE material, filled with quartz sand, and filled with rubber particles, which has the elasticity of natural grass and greatly improves the movement performance; The fourth stage takes FIFA certification as the standard, focusing on the construction of foundation, construction and other system projects. In this stage, in addition to reticular products, there are also products such as straight and curved mixture. The materials include PE and PP mixture, PE and nylon mixture, and the sports performance is further enhanced; The fifth stage is dominated by monofilament grass, which not only pursues sports performance, but also pursues a more ideal appearance, and pays more attention to the construction of the system; The sixth stage is dominated by curly grass, an artificial grass specially developed for gate courses, golf, etc.
